浙江杭州市竹产业高质量发展的建议

竹产业是兼具经济效益和生态效益的林业产业，浙江省杭州市紧紧围绕"美丽杭州"建设，加快推进全市竹产业转型升级，取得了一定成效。文章在总结杭州市竹产业发展取得成效的基础上，分析了竹产业中存在的问题，对进一步推进杭州市竹产业可持续发展、实施兴林富民提出了建议。     

乐都紫皮大蒜叶片生长发育与果聚糖代谢的关系

为了探讨高原大蒜生长特性及其果聚糖代谢规律,分析叶片生长发育与果聚糖代谢的关系,本研究以"乐都紫皮大蒜"为材料,对不同发育期的大蒜叶片生长情况、生理指标及其果聚糖代谢关键基因的表达特征进行了解析。结果表明:随着生育期的延续,大蒜植株的最大叶长、最大叶宽和单株叶片数均稳步增加。叶片生理指标呈现先升高后降低的趋势,总叶绿素含量在花芽分化之前快速上升,在抽薹期达到最大值2.32 mg/g FW;组织含水量在鳞茎膨大初期达到最大值89.06%,随后急剧降低。在整个发育过程中,大蒜叶片蔗糖:蔗糖1-果糖基转移酶基因(1-SST)和果聚糖外切水解酶基因(1-FEH)表达量存在显著差异,从幼苗期至鳞茎膨大初期,1-SST基因表达量显著高于1-FEH。1-SST的表达在全生育期表现为"升高-降低"的趋势,在抽薹期,1-SST的表达量达到峰值,比幼苗期提高了17.51倍;1-FEH在全生育期的表达量均较低,呈现起伏波动的趋势,在收获期表达量最高,是苗期的2.41倍。综合分析说明,大蒜叶片叶绿素和果聚糖的合成高峰主要在抽薹期,抽薹期是大蒜叶片生长发育和果聚糖代谢的关键时期,大蒜可通过叶绿素的合成以及1-SST和1-FEH的差异表达进一步影响鳞茎果聚糖的累积。     

Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes persists.The objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy indices.An inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,China.Light intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were recorded.Higher N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer FIL.FIL was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with LAI(P<0.01),but not correlated with NLV(P>0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change FIL.We conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing stage.NLV has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice canopy.Reducing LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.     

Digestive characteristics and blood chemistry profile of triploid rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: influence of body size and seasonal variation

Fisheries Science - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of body size and seasonal variation on organ indexes, digestive enzymes and plasma biochemistry parameters of triploid...     

油菜高光效种质综合鉴选指标体系与方法

高光效种质是开展作物高光效育种的基础。在剖析油菜高光效种质筛选要求、面临困难、研究缺陷的基础上,针对油菜超高产育种目标和生产实际需求,构建出油菜高光效的综合筛选指标体系和方法,对油菜种质进行数量化综合评价,并开展定向选育和杂交改良。在实际应用中取得良好效果,获得一批油菜高光效种质,为利用“高光效+杂种优势”途径开展油菜高光效育种奠定了物质基础。     

Association of RBP‐4 gene polymorphisms with follicular cysts in large white sows

Follicular cysts, which is a common infertility disease, can cause financial losses in pig breeding programmes. The pathogenesis and mechanisms of the formation of follicular cysts are not understood clearly. In our previous study, the concentration of retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP‐4) in the follicular fluid (FF) of the ovary with follicular cysts was found to be significantly higher than that of normal ovary, thereby suggesting that RBP‐4 may be a candidate biomarker for porcine follicular cysts. To study the association of RBP‐4 and follicular cysts further, we detected the polymorphisms of the RBP‐4 gene and the presence of follicular cysts by PCR‐Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. In this study, we screened the mutations of RBP‐4 gene in 79 sows with follicular cysts and 100 normal sows without cysts. Results showed that +249‐63G>C polymorphisms were significantly associated with follicular cysts, and sows with CC genotype in RBP‐4 gene had a high risk of developing follicular cysts. Hence, our findings further proved that RBP‐4 may be a novel biomarker for follicular cysts, which may be valuable for the diagnosis of follicular cysts and molecular breeding of pigs.     

2011—2019年山东省部分规模猪场猪瘟免疫效果监测

为了解山东省规模猪场的猪瘟免疫效果及变化趋势,2011—2019年在16个地市717个规模猪场,采集血清样品22 465份,采用猪瘟抗体ELISA方法进行抗体检测,并比对不同年份和不同场点的免疫水平。结果显示:2011—2019年,全省16个地市种猪场的场群免疫合格率为73.84%,个体合格率为77.54%;商品代猪场的场群免疫合格率为63.96%,个体免疫合格率为71.79%。从不同年份看,规模猪场的猪瘟免疫抗体水平呈波浪状变化,2011—2012年免疫水平较高,2013—2014年较低,2015—2016年再次升高,2017—2019年免疫水平又出现下降;从不同场点看,无论是个体免疫效果,还是群体免疫效果,种猪场均优于商品代猪场。结果表明,山东省规模猪场的总体猪瘟免疫抗体水平不高且不稳定,因而规模猪场应持续加强猪瘟的免疫和监测,尤其是商品代猪群,以降低猪瘟的发生风险。     

6种杀菌剂对马铃薯早疫病菌的室内毒力测定

采用组织分离法对采自河北省、内蒙古和黑龙江省的马铃薯早疫病叶片进行分离,通过观察孢子形态确定得到菌株为茄链格孢(Alternaria solani).为了筛选出能够高效防治马铃薯早疫病的杀菌剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定6种杀菌剂对不同地区马铃薯早疫病菌的室内毒力.结果表明:6种药剂中抑菌效果较好的是80％代森锰锌WP和30％霜脲氰WG,EC50值范围分别为4.20～10.77 mg/L和3.02～17.45 mg/L;抑菌效果最差的药剂是72％百菌清SC,EC50值范围为550.91～1 888.40 mg/L.供试药剂对不同地区菌株间的毒力存在一定差异,针对不同地区菌株筛选毒力较强的药剂,对河北省围场地区菌株毒力较强的药剂为80％代森锰锌WP和30％霜脲氰WG;内蒙古地区为80％代森锰锌WP和30％霜脲氰WG;黑龙江省齐齐哈尔地区为80％代森锰锌WP和25％嘧菌酯SC.     

不同生育时期水分胁迫对水稻产量及品质的影响

[目的]水分是制约水稻生长的重要因素之一,对水稻产量及品质产生重大影响,通过分析不同生育时期水分胁迫对水稻产量及品质的影响,为水稻生产节水灌溉技术提供理论指导.[方法]于2018—2019年在四川农业大学成都校区教学试验基地大棚进行盆栽试验,选用宜香优2115(杂交籼稻)、IR72(常规籼稻)、南粳9108(常规粳稻)3种不同类型水稻为材料,分别于孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期进行轻度(LD,-20 kPa)、中度(MD,-40 kPa)、重度(SD,-60 kPa)3种水分胁迫处理,以淹水灌溉作为对照(CK,0 kPa),采用土壤张力计监测土壤水势,各生育时期水分胁迫处理时间均为10 d;分析3个生育时期不同水分胁迫条件下,不同类型水稻产量、抗旱系数、抗旱指数及稻米品质等指标的变化.[结果]不同水稻品种在3个时期对水分胁迫的敏感程度由高到低依次为孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期;就产量而言,孕穗期不同程度水分胁迫均会导致水稻每穗实粒数和结实率下降而减产,宜香优2115、IR72和南粳9108在不同水分胁迫下的平均产量分别较对照减少25.5％,28.4％和15.8％,开花期轻度水分胁迫可促进千粒质量增加而增产,IR72和南粳9108分别较对照增产1.1％和7.3％,灌浆期轻度水分胁迫可促进每穗实粒数、千粒质量和结实率增加进而提高产量,宜香优2115、IR72和南粳9108分别较对照增产10.6％、7.3％和15.5％;就品质而言,孕穗期不同程度水分胁迫均会导致稻米加工品质、蒸煮食味品质降低,宜香优2115、IR72和南粳9108在不同水分胁迫下的平均整精米率分别较对照减少7.5％,7.5％和4.6％,开花期和灌浆期轻度水分胁迫可提高稻米精米率和整精米率、增加胶稠度,灌浆期轻度水分胁迫可降低稻米的消减值、提高最高黏度和崩解值,从而改善食味品质,宜香优2115、IR72和南粳9108的崩解值分别较对照增加29.5％,34.8％和18.2％.3个水稻品种对水分胁迫的敏感程度由高到低依次为IR72、宜香优2115、南粳9108.[结论]综合水稻产量和品质分析表明,开花期和灌浆期轻度水分胁迫有利于节水增产,提升稻米品质.     

2019—2021年我国部分地区PRRSV ORF5基因遗传变异分析

为了解2019—2022年我国南方地区猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒（PRRSV）ORF5基因遗传变异情况,自广东、广西、湖南、江西4个省份的种猪场和育肥场,采集疑似PRRSV感染样品进行RT-PCR检测,并对部分阳性样品进行病毒分离培养和ORF5基因测序。结果显示：PRRSV总检出率为26.12%,其中育肥场场检出率（86.36%）高于种猪场（52.00%）;共成功分离到97株病毒并对其进行了ORF5测序分析,发现Sublineage 1.8占比最高（51.55%）,其次为Lineage 5(15.46%),Sublineage 1.5、Lineage 8、Lineage 3占比依次为13.40%、10.31%和9.28%;类NADC34毒株在2021年有3个省份（广东、广西和湖南）被首次检出,且当年检出率达13.40%。GP5蛋白分析结果显示,分离株中第13和151位氨基酸以及中和表位变异较多。对其中1株毒株进行重组分析发现,该毒株以类NADC30毒株为主要亲本,其多处基因组与JXA1和IA2014毒株发生了重组。结果表明：我国南方地区PRRSV流行较为普遍,尤其是在育肥猪群中;流行毒...